Negative income taxation has promise of being the next phase of the gigantic attack on "want" being witnessed in the 1960's. In this article Professor Klein discusses the major features of the proposed plans in the framework of a comparison to existing or alternative welfare programs. He notes that negative income taxation represents an approach basically different than that taken in the past, but concludes that the advantages gained by this new method are largely dissipated by the fact that it will probably be used only as a supplement to present programs. Nevertheless, he finds that discussion of negative income taxation is useful for the purpose of raising important issues of tax and social policy.